Comprehensive medical terminology with definitions, clinical cases, mnemonics, and treatment guides — free for students and educators.
In genetics, "2n" denotes the diploid number of chromosomes in a cell. The symbol n represents a sin…
"2n = 46" is the notation indicating that an organism's diploid number is 46. In humans, this means …
Guanosine‑analogue NRTI used in combination antiretroviral therapy. After intracellular phosphorylat…
Synthetic analog of parathyroid hormone–related peptide (PTHrP 1–34). When given as once‑daily subcu…
Brief generalized nonconvulsive seizures (formerly petit mal) characterized by sudden staring and un…
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter released by certain nerve cells in both the central and pe…
Achalasia is a motility disorder in which degeneration of the esophageal myenteric plexus causes los…
Autosomal‑dominant disorder caused by a gain‑of‑function mutation in FGFR3 that overly suppresses ch…
Most common skeletal dysplasia (genetic dwarfism) caused by an FGFR3 gene mutation (gain-of-function…
Common chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous units (hair follicles and oil glands) character…
Benign Schwann cell tumor of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), usually at the cerebellopontine …
Anterior pituitary peptide from POMC that stimulates the adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata/reticulari…
Active transport is the energy-requiring process of moving substances across a cell membrane against…
Acute inflammation of the liver due to heavy alcohol use, usually after prolonged drinking, characte…
Life-threatening infection of the meninges (protective brain/spinal cord lining) causing acute infla…
Acute inflammation of the gallbladder, usually triggered by a gallstone obstructing the cystic duct …
Rare, life-threatening complication of late pregnancy characterized by microvesicular fatty infiltra…
Acute inflammation of the liver (hepatitis lasting <6 months) due to hepatocyte injury from various …
Acute intestinal obstruction is a sudden blockage of normal intestinal flow (usually a mechanical bl…
Acute inflammation of the pancreas due to premature enzyme activation causing autodigestion of pancr…
Life-threatening acute lung injury characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, leading to increased ca…
Post-streptococcal autoimmune inflammatory disease that occurs about 2–4 weeks after untreated group…
Adaptation in biology refers to a heritable trait or characteristic that improves an organism's abil…
Group of genetic disorders with absent or reduced melanin pigment in skin, hair, and eyes due to mel…
Spectrum of liver injury due to chronic alcohol use, ranging from reversible fatty infiltration to l…
An allele is one of the different forms of a particular gene. For any given gene, an individual norm…
Allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by an IgE-mediated reaction to environmental allerg…
Allopatric speciation is the formation of a new species from populations that are geographically iso…
Inherited protease inhibitor (serpin) disorder with low or dysfunctional alpha-1 antitrypsin. Leads …
Loss of two of the four α-globin genes (either both on one chromosome cis or one on each trans). Cau…
Any acute change in a patient's mental state – encompassing altered level of consciousness, cognitio…
A developmental vision disorder where the brain fails to process input from one eye, leading to redu…
Amenorrhea is absence of menstruation in a woman of reproductive age. Primary amenorrhea is no menar…
Pathologic extracellular deposition of insoluble misfolded protein fibrils (β-pleated sheets) in tis…
Progressive degenerative motor neuron disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, leading to mu…
A severe, life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction (often IgE-mediated) characterized by …
Group of small vessel vasculitides driven by ANCA autoantibodies, causing necrotizing inflammation w…
Anencephaly is a neural tube defect where the rostral neuropore fails to close, resulting in absence…
Localized dilatation or ballooning of an artery due to a weakened vessel wall (e.g., from elastin fi…
Neurogenetic disorder caused by loss of the maternal *UBE3A* gene (15q11–13) due to genomic imprinti…
The anion gap represents the difference between measured cations (Na⁺) and measured anions (Cl⁻ + HC…
Chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton, primarily involving the sacroiliac joints and sp…
*Anorexia nervosa* is an eating disorder marked by self-induced starvation and severe weight loss. P…
Autoimmune hypercoagulable disorder (primary or SLE-associated) marked by recurrent venous/arterial …
Uncommon autoimmune syndrome characterized by autoantibodies against aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, lea…
Tear in the aortic intimal layer allowing blood to split the wall layers (forming a false lumen); cl…
Narrowing of the aortic valve opening that obstructs left ventricular outflow, most often due to age…
It's when the vermiform appendix (a small pouch off the colon) becomes acutely inflamed, usually due…
Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that serve as channels for water transport in and out of c…
Artificial selection is the process by which humans intentionally breed plants or animals for specif…
Chronic fibrosing pneumoconiosis of the lungs caused by prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibers.…
Abnormal fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity; often due to portal hypertension (e.g., decomp…
Chronic inflammatory airway disease with episodes of bronchoconstriction causing wheezing, breathles…
Chronic inflammatory arterial disease marked by cholesterol-rich plaque (atheroma) buildup in medium…
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also called eczema, is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disease and the…
ATP synthase is a large protein complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane (and similar membranes o…
A supraventricular tachyarrhythmia caused by chaotic atrial electrical activity leading to ineffecti…
Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interac…
Chronic, immune-mediated liver inflammation (hepatitis) caused by autoimmunity. Characterized by cir…
Rare genetic disorder of lymphocyte apoptosis failure leading to chronic nonmalignant lymphoprolifer…
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