16 terms in endocrinology
Anterior pituitary peptide from POMC that stimulates the adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata/reticularis) to make cortisol (and adrenal androge…
Clinical syndrome of chronic cortisol excess (hypercortisolism); Cushing disease refers specifically to an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma …
Disorder of water balance causing excretion of large volumes of dilute urine due to insufficient ADH (central DI) or renal insensitivity to …
Chronic metabolic disorder of hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin action. In type 1 diabetes (T1DM), autoimmune destruction of pancrea…
Life-threatening acute complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperglycemia (glucose >250 mg/dL), anion gap metabolic acidosis (…
Neuroendocrine circuit for stress: CRH (hypothalamus) → ACTH (anterior pituitary) → cortisol (adrenal cortex) with negative feedback on both…
Abnormally high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels causing disrupted calcium–phosphate homeostasis. Classified into primary (excess PTH from p…
State of excess thyroid hormone production (↑T3 and T4) by the thyroid gland, leading to a hypermetabolic, thyrotoxic condition. Usually cau…
A deficiency of thyroid hormone resulting in a generalized slowing of metabolism. Can be primary (thyroid gland failure) or central (pituita…
Noonan syndrome is an autosomal dominant RASopathy marked by short stature, characteristic facies, congenital heart defects, and variable de…
Obesity is a chronic disease of excess body fat. Adults: BMI ≥30 kg/m². Children/adolescents: BMI-for-age ≥95th percentile (adjusted for age…
Systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, leading to bone fragility and increase…
Unregulated overproduction of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands, causing hypercalcemia. In ~85% of cases it's due to a single pa…
Excess PTH production secondary to chronic hypocalcemia (or hyperphosphatemia). Typically caused by chronic kidney disease (CKD) with decrea…
Inappropriate, continued ADH release (from pituitary or ectopic source) leading to excess water reabsorption and dilutional hyponatremia (lo…
Autonomous hypersecretion of PTH after long-standing secondary hyperparathyroidism. The parathyroid glands become enlarged and unresponsive …