16 terms in pulmonology
Life-threatening acute lung injury characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, leading to increased capillary permeability (noncardiogenic pul…
Inherited protease inhibitor (serpin) disorder with low or dysfunctional alpha-1 antitrypsin. Leads to uninhibited elastase causing early pa…
Chronic fibrosing pneumoconiosis of the lungs caused by prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibers.
Chronic inflammatory airway disease with episodes of bronchoconstriction causing wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough, which…
Inflammation of the small airways (bronchioles) causing airflow obstruction. In infants it typically manifests as an acute viral infection (…
Autosomal recessive disorder of CFTR (chloride channel) causing abnormally thick secretions in exocrine tissues and multi‑organ damage (espe…
Chronic destructive lung disease: permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchioles with destruction of alveolar walls (loss…
Group of lung tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells, ranging from indolent carcinoid tumors (typical and atypical) to highly aggressive s…
Sleep disorder of repetitive upper airway collapse causing reduced or paused breathing (apneas/hypopneas) during sleep; leads to oxygen desa…
Infection of the lung alveoli leading to inflammation and consolidation (air spaces fill with pus/fluid). Often categorized by setting: comm…
Air in the pleural space leading to partial or complete lung collapse. Types include spontaneous (without trauma, either primary in healthy …
Blockage of one or more pulmonary arteries (usually by a blood clot from a leg DVT) that impairs lung perfusion and can cause acute right he…
Progressive scarring of the lung interstitium (fibrosis) leading to restrictive lung disease and impaired gas exchange; often idiopathic (wh…
Inability of the respiratory system to maintain gas exchange, leading to inadequate oxygenation and/or carbon dioxide removal. Type I (hypox…
Systemic inflammatory disease of unknown cause characterized by noncaseating granulomas (non-necrotizing collections of activated immune cel…
Tidal Volume (TV or VT) is the volume of air moved in or out of the lungs during a single normal breath. It represents the difference betwee…