Foundations of chemistry for beginners: atomic structure, isotopes and ions, periodic table groups/periods, key periodic trends, and the octet rule (including common exceptions).
What determines which element an atom is (e.g., carbon vs nitrogen)?
Source: entermedschool.org
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src="https://entermedschool.org/embed/questions#{"title":"Atoms, Periodicity & the Octet Rule","questions":[{"prompt":"What determines which element an atom is (e.g., carbon vs nitrogen)?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"The number of neutrons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"The number of protons","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"The number of electrons only","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"The mass number","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"The number of electron shells","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"An element is defined by its atomic number, which equals the number of protons. Neutrons can vary (isotopes) and electrons can vary (ions) without changing the element."},{"prompt":"The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Neutrons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Protons","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Protons + neutrons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Electrons + neutrons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Electron shells","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Atomic number = number of protons. Mass number is protons + neutrons."},{"prompt":"The mass number of an atom is equal to the number of:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Protons only","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Neutrons only","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Electrons only","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Protons + neutrons","isCorrect":true},{"label":"E","body":"Protons + electrons","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Mass number counts the particles in the nucleus: protons + neutrons. Electrons have very small mass and are not included in mass number."},{"prompt":"Two atoms are isotopes of the same element if they have the same number of protons but different numbers of:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Electrons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Neutrons","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Shells","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Valence electrons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Protons","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Isotopes differ in neutron number (and therefore mass number) but keep the same proton number, so they remain the same element."},{"prompt":"Which statement correctly describes a cation?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"A cation has gained electrons and is negatively charged","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"A cation has lost electrons and is positively charged","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"A cation has gained protons and is positively charged","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"A cation has lost neutrons and is positively charged","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"A cation is always neutral","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"A cation is a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons (protons do not change in normal chemical reactions)."},{"prompt":"Chlorine has atomic number 17. How many electrons does a chloride ion (Cl−) have?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"16","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"17","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"18","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"34","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"35","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Neutral Cl has 17 electrons. Cl− has gained 1 electron, so it has 18 electrons."},{"prompt":"A neutral atom has equal numbers of:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Neutrons and electrons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Protons and neutrons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Protons and electrons","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"Shells and protons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Mass number and atomic number","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Neutral means total positive charge equals total negative charge, so number of protons = number of electrons."},{"prompt":"Calcium has atomic number 20. How many electrons does Ca2+ have?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"20","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"22","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"18","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"40","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"2","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Neutral Ca has 20 electrons. Ca2+ has lost 2 electrons, so it has 18 electrons."},{"prompt":"What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy level (first shell)?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"1","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"2","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"8","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"10","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"18","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"The first shell (n = 1) can hold a maximum of 2 electrons."},{"prompt":"Valence electrons are the electrons:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"In the nucleus","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"In the innermost shell only","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"In the outermost occupied shell","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"That determine the mass number","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"That are always paired","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Valence electrons are in the outermost occupied shell and are mainly responsible for bonding and chemical reactivity."},{"prompt":"For main-group elements (groups 1–2 and 13–18), the group number is most useful for predicting:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"The number of neutrons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"The number of valence electrons","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"The melting point","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"The atomic mass","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"The number of electron shells","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"In the main groups, elements in the same group share the same number of valence electrons, so they have similar chemical behavior."},{"prompt":"The period number (row) of an element in the periodic table is most closely related to the number of:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Protons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Valence electrons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Occupied electron shells (energy levels)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"Neutrons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Isotopes","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Elements in the same period have the same number of occupied electron shells (energy levels)."},{"prompt":"Which group contains the alkali metals (very reactive metals like Li, Na, K)?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Group 1","isCorrect":true},{"label":"B","body":"Group 2","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Group 17","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Group 18","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Group 14","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Alkali metals are in group 1 and typically form +1 ions by losing one valence electron."},{"prompt":"Which ion is most commonly formed by magnesium (Mg), a group 2 metal?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Mg−","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Mg+","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Mg2+","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"Mg3+","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Mg2−","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Group 2 metals have 2 valence electrons and commonly lose both to form 2+ cations."},{"prompt":"Noble gases (group 18) are generally unreactive mainly because they:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Have the largest atoms","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Have a full valence shell","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Have no protons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Have no electrons","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Always form 3− ions","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"A filled outer shell is especially stable, so noble gases have little tendency to gain, lose, or share electrons (with rare exceptions for heavier noble gases)."},{"prompt":"Metalloids (like silicon) are typically found:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Only in group 1","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Only in group 18","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Along the “staircase” boundary between metals and nonmetals","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"Only in the center transition metal block","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Only in period 1","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Metalloids lie near the zig-zag staircase dividing metals (left) and nonmetals (right) and often show mixed properties."},{"prompt":"Which general trend is correct for atomic radius (size) in the periodic table?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Increases left to right across a period and decreases down a group","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Decreases left to right across a period and increases down a group","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Increases left to right across a period and increases down a group","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Decreases left to right across a period and decreases down a group","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Has no pattern","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Across a period, increasing nuclear charge pulls electrons closer (smaller radius). Down a group, new shells are added, increasing radius."},{"prompt":"Which general trend is correct for first ionization energy (energy required to remove one electron)?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Decreases left to right and increases down a group","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Increases left to right and decreases down a group","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Increases left to right and increases down a group","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Decreases left to right and decreases down a group","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Has no relationship to periodic position","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Across a period, electrons are held more tightly (higher ionization energy). Down a group, outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and more shielded (lower ionization energy)."},{"prompt":"Which element is the most electronegative (strongest tendency to attract bonding electrons) in the periodic table?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Sodium (Na)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Oxygen (O)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Fluorine (F)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"Chlorine (Cl)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Neon (Ne)","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Electronegativity generally increases up and to the right, and fluorine is the highest because it is small and has a strong effective nuclear charge on valence electrons."},{"prompt":"Which element is most likely to have the greatest tendency to gain an electron (highest electron affinity, conceptually)?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Sodium (Na)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Magnesium (Mg)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Argon (Ar)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Chlorine (Cl)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"E","body":"Neon (Ne)","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Halogens (group 17) are one electron away from a full valence shell, so they strongly tend to gain an electron. Noble gases (Ar, Ne) already have full shells and do not tend to gain electrons."}]}"
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