IB/Pre-med style biotechnology MCQs covering core lab techniques (PCR, gels, restriction enzymes, cloning, sequencing, blots), genetic engineering (vectors, reporters, selection), CRISPR basics, DNA profiling, and classic applications (recombinant insulin, GM crops, monoclonal antibodies, ELISA). Emphasis on conceptual traps and correct interpretation of results.
A student performs PCR but forgets to add primers. What is the most likely outcome?
Source: entermedschool.org
<!-- Biotechnology: DNA Techniques, Cloning, CRISPR, and Bioproducts — EnterMedSchool -->
<div style="max-width:100%;">
<iframe
src="https://entermedschool.org/embed/questions#{"title":"Biotechnology: DNA Techniques, Cloning, CRISPR, and Bioproducts","questions":[{"prompt":"A student performs PCR but forgets to add primers. What is the most likely outcome?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Amplification still occurs because DNA polymerase can start anywhere","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"No amplification occurs because DNA polymerase requires a primer with a free 3′-OH","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Amplification occurs but only for GC-rich regions","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Only RNA will be amplified","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"The product will be single-stranded DNA only","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"DNA polymerase cannot initiate DNA synthesis de novo; it needs a primer providing a free 3′-OH. Without primers, PCR cannot amplify any specific region."},{"prompt":"In PCR, why is Taq polymerase commonly used?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"It can synthesize RNA and DNA","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"It is stable at high temperatures used for DNA denaturation","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"It does not require nucleotides","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"It repairs DNA mismatches perfectly","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"It binds DNA only at promoters","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"PCR involves repeated heating to ~95°C to denature DNA. Taq polymerase (from thermophilic bacteria) survives these temperatures, unlike many other polymerases."},{"prompt":"A PCR protocol uses 95°C, 55°C, and 72°C steps. The 55°C step is primarily for:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Denaturation of DNA strands","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Extension by DNA polymerase","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Annealing of primers to the template","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"Ligation of DNA fragments","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Cutting DNA with restriction enzymes","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Around 50–65°C is used for primer annealing (binding) to complementary sequences. Denaturation occurs at high temperature (≈95°C) and extension typically around 72°C for Taq polymerase."},{"prompt":"A student designs two primers for PCR but accidentally makes both primers bind to the same DNA strand in the same orientation. What is the most likely result?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Normal exponential amplification of the target region","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Only one strand is copied, but still exponentially","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"No defined product because primers do not face each other to bracket a region","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"A single product of exactly 3 base pairs","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"PCR will amplify RNA instead of DNA","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"PCR requires primers that bind on opposite strands with 3′ ends facing inward, so they define (bracket) the region to amplify. Same-strand/same-direction primers won't produce a defined amplicon."},{"prompt":"During agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA, which fragment generally migrates the farthest from the wells?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"The largest fragment","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"The smallest fragment","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"The fragment with the most GC content","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"The fragment with the most A-T base pairs","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"All fragments travel the same distance because DNA has the same charge","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"DNA fragments have a similar charge-to-mass ratio, so separation is mainly by size: smaller fragments move more easily through the gel matrix and migrate farther."},{"prompt":"Why does DNA move toward the positive electrode during gel electrophoresis?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"DNA is positively charged due to nitrogenous bases","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"DNA is negatively charged due to phosphate groups","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"DNA becomes neutral in buffer","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"DNA is pushed by heat from the power supply","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"DNA is carried by enzymes toward the anode","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"The phosphate backbone gives DNA a net negative charge, so it migrates toward the positive electrode (anode) in an electric field."},{"prompt":"A restriction enzyme produces 'sticky ends.' What is the main advantage of sticky ends for cloning?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"They prevent DNA ligase from working","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"They allow complementary base pairing between insert and vector, increasing ligation efficiency","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"They make DNA fragments migrate faster on gels","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"They convert DNA into RNA","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"They destroy plasmid origin of replication","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Sticky ends have single-stranded overhangs that can base-pair with complementary overhangs on a vector, helping align insert and plasmid for ligase to seal the backbone efficiently."},{"prompt":"Which enzyme directly seals the sugar-phosphate backbone to join DNA fragments during cloning?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"DNA helicase","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"DNA ligase","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Reverse transcriptase","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"RNA polymerase","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Restriction endonuclease","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"DNA ligase forms phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides, sealing nicks and joining DNA fragments into a continuous backbone."},{"prompt":"A plasmid vector is most accurately described as:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"A linear piece of human chromosomal DNA","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"A circular, independently replicating DNA molecule used to carry foreign DNA into cells","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"A protein that cuts DNA at specific sites","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"A type of ribosome used in bacteria","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"A lipid vesicle that stores enzymes","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Plasmids are typically circular DNA molecules found in bacteria that replicate independently and can be engineered as vectors to deliver genes into host cells."},{"prompt":"Which plasmid feature is essential to ensure it can be copied inside a bacterial host?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"A promoter recognized by human RNA polymerase II only","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"An origin of replication (ori)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"A telomere","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Centromere","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Spliceosome binding sites","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"The origin of replication is the DNA sequence where replication begins, allowing the plasmid to be copied in the host. Telomeres/centromeres are features of eukaryotic chromosomes, not typical bacterial plasmids."},{"prompt":"Why is an antibiotic-resistance gene commonly included in a cloning plasmid?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"To make the plasmid replicate faster","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"To allow selection of bacteria that successfully took up the plasmid","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"To force bacteria to make ATP faster","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"To cut the DNA at specific restriction sites","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"To stop transcription of the inserted gene","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"If bacteria are grown on antibiotic-containing media, only those containing the plasmid (with the resistance gene) survive. This selects for transformed cells."},{"prompt":"A researcher inserts a human gene containing introns into bacteria using a plasmid. They get no functional human protein. The most likely reason is that bacteria:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Cannot replicate plasmids","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Do not have spliceosomes to remove introns from pre-mRNA","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Cannot translate mRNA into protein","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Always degrade human DNA immediately","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Use mitochondria for transcription","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Bacteria generally lack the splicing machinery needed to remove introns. For bacterial expression, scientists often use cDNA (made from mRNA) that lacks introns."},{"prompt":"To express a eukaryotic gene in bacteria, a common strategy is to clone which version of the gene?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Genomic DNA including introns","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"cDNA synthesized from mature mRNA using reverse transcriptase","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Only the promoter region without coding sequence","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Only the introns","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"The protein sequence directly","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"cDNA is made from mature mRNA and lacks introns, so it can be expressed in bacteria without needing splicing."},{"prompt":"Which enzyme is required to make cDNA from an mRNA template?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"DNA ligase","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Reverse transcriptase","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Restriction endonuclease","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Topoisomerase","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Protease","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Reverse transcriptase synthesizes DNA from an RNA template. It's commonly used to make cDNA from mRNA for cloning and RT-PCR."},{"prompt":"A gene is cloned into a plasmid, but the host bacteria produce no protein from it. Which missing element is most likely responsible?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"A bacterial promoter upstream of the coding sequence","isCorrect":true},{"label":"B","body":"A phosphate group on the DNA backbone","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"A chloroplast transit peptide","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"A telomere at each end of the plasmid","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"A cell wall around the plasmid","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"To transcribe a gene in bacteria, the plasmid must include a promoter recognized by bacterial RNA polymerase. Telomeres/chloroplast targeting are irrelevant to bacterial expression."},{"prompt":"In blue-white screening (lacZ), colonies with an insert disrupting lacZ typically appear:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Blue because β-galactosidase is active","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"White because β-galactosidase is inactive","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Green because GFP is expressed","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Red because hemoglobin is produced","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"No colonies grow at all","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"If the insert disrupts lacZ, β-galactosidase is not produced, so X-gal is not cleaved and colonies remain white. Blue colonies typically indicate intact lacZ (no insert)."},{"prompt":"A plasmid is cut with a restriction enzyme that produces sticky ends. The insert DNA is cut with a different restriction enzyme producing incompatible sticky ends. What is the most likely result?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Insert and vector ligate efficiently","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Insert and vector cannot base-pair at ends, so ligation is strongly reduced or fails","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"The insert becomes RNA and ligates anyway","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"The plasmid automatically repairs itself with the insert","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Bacteria will splice the ends to match","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Sticky ends must be complementary to base-pair and align properly. Incompatible overhangs do not anneal, making ligation very inefficient or impossible without additional steps (e.g., blunting or adapters)."},{"prompt":"Which statement best describes a restriction enzyme?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"A protein that joins DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"A DNA-cutting enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"A carbohydrate that stores genetic information","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"An RNA that carries amino acids","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"A lipid that forms the nuclear membrane","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) recognize specific DNA sequences (often palindromes) and cut DNA at or near those sites."},{"prompt":"A DNA sample is run on a gel without loading dye. What is the main practical issue?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"DNA will migrate toward the wrong electrode","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"DNA becomes positively charged","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"The sample will not sink into the wells easily and migration progress cannot be tracked","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"DNA fragments will permanently ligate together","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"The gel will dissolve","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Loading dye increases sample density so it sinks into the wells and provides tracking dyes to monitor electrophoresis. DNA still runs without dye, but handling and monitoring become difficult."},{"prompt":"In DNA fingerprinting using STRs (short tandem repeats), the major reason STRs are useful is that they:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Are identical in all people, making comparisons easy","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Have highly variable repeat numbers between individuals","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Are found only on the Y chromosome","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Are copied only during meiosis II","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Cannot be amplified by PCR","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"STR loci vary in repeat number among individuals, producing different fragment lengths that can be compared. They are easily amplified by PCR, making them highly useful in profiling."}]}"
width="100%" height="560"
style="border:none;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;"
title="Biotechnology: DNA Techniques, Cloning, CRISPR, and Bioproducts — EnterMedSchool"
loading="lazy"
></iframe>
<p style="margin:8px 0 0;font-size:12px;font-family:sans-serif;color:#666;text-align:center;">
Powered by <a href="https://entermedschool.org" rel="dofollow" style="color:#6C5CE7;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;">EnterMedSchool.org</a>
</p>
</div>